Business Strategy And Leadership Style Impact On...

Lynn Roth Worcester State University BA490 Business Policy and Strategy M 6-9 Prof. Anthony Aiello December 1, 2016 Business Strategy and Leadership Style: Impact on Organizational Performance in the Manufacturing Sector Lynn Roth Worcester State University The quality of leadership and strategy is generally viewed as instrumental in maintaining and improving upon competitive performance. This is a topic that has started to gain some attention, especially in this era of increasing globalization and market competition. In the 2014 article from the American Journal of Industrial and Business Management entitled â€Å"Business Strategy and Leadership Style: Impact on Organizational Performance in the Manufacturing Sector of Ghana† (Yanney, 2014) they found that strategy had a greater influence over leadership when it came to the performance of an organization. The article describes a study that was done to examine the impact of leadership styles and business strategy on the performance of an organization in small and/or medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Ghana. They did a time series data collection from 2008 to 2013 on sales, pretax profits and employment as well as a field survey using questionnaires fro m 10 random businesses in the manufacturing business sector. An analysis of variance was then done to examine the relationship between leadership, business strategy and organizational performance. The study also examined the effect ofShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Servant Leadership Style1198 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Servant Leadership Business leaders operate in complex environments. Driving organizational effectiveness in the short term while leading the company towards the long-term strategy requires continual evaluation of short-term decisions against potential tradeoffs against the long-term strategy. While the top organizational decision makers typically decide long-term strategy; implementation of the strategy occurs throughout the entire organization (Rush, 2012). Given this, ensuringRead MoreLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Motivation And Customer Retention Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesEmployees play a pivotal role in the success of any business or non-business organization. They determine various organizational success factors including productivity, innovation, service and product quality, customer loyalty, and work efficiency. Indeed, in their research study, Ganesh and Mangalore (2016) established a strong link between employee motivation and customer retention. Therefore, any effort to improve the performance of an organization should begin with addressing human r esource issuesRead MoreEssay on Applied Business Research Case Study935 Words   |  4 PagesThe field of business management continues to evolve as organizations engage in the ever-changing global market. After years of unscrupulous corporate leaders managing and leading some of the world’s biggest corporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolutionRead MoreMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words   |  5 Pages312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper       Write  a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include  at least two scholarly citations from the library.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior PaperRead MoreThe Challenges Faced By The Managers Of Companies With Other Areas Of Their Business Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Human Capital is the most sought after resource today for the whole business world when compared to any other resource. In fact, it has become the most critical resource across the globe. 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The second task of the assignment brings forth the effective styles of leadership which can be adopted byRead MoreCitigroup : A Leading Multinational Investment Banking And Financial Services Corporation1653 Words   |  7 PagesCiti’s Mexican bank Banamex was engaged in fraud (Citigroup, 2015). Citigroup or Citi operates under two primary business segments: Citicorp and Citi Holdings. Citi Commercial Bank (CCB) business line falls under the Citicorp business segment. CCB services clients and trade-oriented mid-size companies in over 100 cities worldwide. CCB was recently recognized by the U.S. Small Business Administration as the â€Å"Export Leader of the Year† in 2014 (Citigroup, 2015). As the newly appointed Service ManagerRead MoreMotivation To Improve Performance Through Employee Involvement.1571 Words   |  7 Pages Motivation to Improve Performance through Employee Involvement Charlese Mason Leadership and Organizational Behavior; 520 Dr. Laura Jones Strayer University February 13, 2017 Content 1 Introduction (Motivation through Involvement) 2 The Important Road Ahead (Optimizing Value and Performance) A. What is Motivation B. What is Employee Involvement 3 Leading Characteristics (Management Styles/Organizational Behavior) A. Understanding the Sticks and Carrots Read MoreMgt 312 Entire Course Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. †¢ Explain the main components of organizational behavior. 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Ob Effective Communication - 2360 Words

5101 ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR Case study: Bridging The Two Worlds - The Organizational Dilemma What are the barriers to effective communications in Aluminium Elements Corp and how were they addressed? What would you do differently? GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Communication refers to the process in which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people. The word understood is emphasized because the transmitting of the senders meaning to other people is the essence of good communication. In the model of communication, there are various channels and barriers (noise) that can become the factors of communication effectiveness. 1.1 Introduction to communication Figure 1 Communication†¦show more content†¦2.0 BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS IN AEC Effective communication is a sharing process which involves the first party sending a message that can be easily understood by to the second party. However, there are some barriers that may influence the effectiveness of communication which may result in misunderstanding or misinterpretation. In the case study of AEC, William Todorovic has discovered several barriers to the effective communication between the employees in the organization. 2.1 Imperfect Perception There were different perceptions between the management and the floor staff. For example, the floor staff thought that the management were unaware of the problems at the floor and were too self-centered that they only cared about their schedules, issuing orders and making demands. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 5 As for the management, they thought that they did not have anything to learn from floor employees. Such perception has made them hardly understand the real process in finishing orders and this has created a gap between the management and the floor staff. 2.2 Poor selection of medium to communicate Choosing the right medium or channel for communication may affect the effectiveness of the transmitted message In AEC, the management has used memos to communicate with the shop floor employees. This was in fact, a one-way communication because after the memo was sent out no further clarification was made by theShow MoreRelated Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior? According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn (2005, p. 3) it is the study of individuals and groups in organizations. OB, as organizational behavior is called in short, is multidisciplinary. This means it does not only understand the individuals and groups of an organization but how interpersonal processes and dynamics relate to organizational behavior. OB has four basic keys of scientific foundation. First, it is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge (2005, p.4), meaning it encompassesRead MoreInterprofessional Collaboration1270 Words   |  6 PagesInterprofessional Collaboration Interprofessional Collaboration Interprofessional communication and collaboration are a significant part of ensuring safe and effective patient outcomes. In the case detailed below the health care team failed to communicate and collaborate care of patient A, ultimately leading to a negative outcome. Patient A is a female white 38 year old G1P0 with Type I diabetes since the age of 9. Due to her high risk pregnancy and history of non compliance with medicalRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour958 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizing, Directing and Controlling. To be an effective manager, it is necessary to possess many skills. Not all managers have all the skills that would make them the most effective manager. 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In organizationalRead MoreOrganizational Behavior ( Ob )1426 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational behavior (OB) is the study of how people interact within groups and can be used to achieve a covenant relationship within organizations similar to the relationship that God has with His people. Personalities have a significant role in OB and personality tests create value by allowing organizations to determine ahead of time where potential conflict may arise between employees. The Jung Typology Test classifies people into one of the sixteen personality types determined by Isabel Briggs

Case Taking and Prescribing Principles Medical Geology

Question: Describe about the Case Taking and Prescribing Principles for Medical Geology. Answer: Introduction Homeopathy is considered to be the most individualised system of alternative medicine that works on the principles of pseudoscience. Homeopathy deals with the phenomenon of condition the further development of homoeopathic preparations cure the similar condition (Vithoulkas, 2012). This study is a focus on the individual case whose prescription is prepared using the principles of homeopathic assessment, analysis, prediction, remedies and recommendations. Basically, the study demonstrates basics of homeopathic treatment for one individual case scenario. Case summary The case study client was Mr. John Wilson present in the nearby private hospital located in Sydney. With the consent of hospital authorities, the learner worked to study the complete case of Mr. Wilson suffering from acute health condition named Cholera from last 2 days. This survey took around 2-4 hours involving interview and questionnaire sessions with the patient supported by his cooperation and endurance. The initial symptoms reported by Mr. Wilson were diarrhoea followed by vomiting to severe dehydration and muscular cramps. These symptoms were noticeable within 30 hours resulting in skin elasticity, wrinkling of hands and left feet. Further, Mr. Wilson reported that the intake of contaminated water or food might be the reason behind the outburst of cholera because Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent found mostly in contaminated water and food. His body was producing almost 10 to 20 litres of diarrhoea each day creating huge electrode imbalance. As the financial condition and living standards of Mr. Wilson was very low, he was not able to afford the vaccination and living standards required to maintain the prevention conditions for cholera. Mr. Wilson is 45 years old having a complete family of two children and one wife who are financially dependent on him. He persists a satisfactory family life. In the hospital, Mr. Wilson was on regular intake of fluids and Electrolytes to control dehydration followed by antibiotics but there was no initiation to manage the further consequences of cholera and lifestyle modifications. 4-column analysis Gurtner (2012) indicated that homeopathic treatment process occurs on the basis of symptoms to treat the body by treating the symptoms identified or analysed in case. This occurs by determining the totality of symptoms using the process of formal repertorisation. Therefore, to resolve the provided case scenario of Mr. Wilson the totality of symptoms would be determined using 4-column analysis process described below: - Strange symptoms A headache, weakness and breathlessness were the strange symptoms identified in case of Mr. Wilson in the interview session. These symptoms are strange because they are not connected with signs of cholera. However, they can be considered as an outcome of his low living standards and health condition supporting the worsening of disease (Vithoulkas, 2012). Rare symptoms According to Willrich (2014), there are certain symptoms that are profiled to be rare in cholera case that involves fever, sunken eyes, dry mouth, skin turgor, cold clammy skin and acidosis of stool. The occurrence of fever indicates towards secondary infection. Further, there is the drop in blood pressure due to dehydration considered as serious rare symptoms of cholera. Mr. Wilson was identified with rare symptoms including cold body and drop blood pressure. Peculiar symptoms The peculiar symptoms identified in case of Mr. Wilson included pain in joint whenever he tried to drink water. HFA symptoms The facial features of Mr. Wilson, Willrich (2014) indicated that facial expression analysis helps to determine the dominant miasm in the homeopathic analysis. The facial expression of Mr. Wilson indicated tiredness and weakness due to dehydration. Essential prescribing totality According to Stark (2014), homeopathic treatment depends on the onset, progress and decline of clinical conditions and symptoms. Homeopathy is well known to cure 40-80% of cholera symptoms as per the history of homeopathic treatment. In the provided case of Mr. Wilson, the essential totality of prescription involves treatment of cholera as per symptoms analysis performed in the previous section. As this disease is an acute one, therefore,the acute prescription shall be followed to cure the rapid symptom onset. Rubric selection and differentiation As per the above case analysis, the rubric selection would involve all the details of symptoms that are indicated the presence of cholera and dehydration in the interview transcripts and questionnaire results. Further, the leftover details regarding rare and other general symptoms will be kept for final differentiation. Formal repertorisation Case taking The case was completely studied using quantitative and qualitative approaches of questionnaire, interview session and self-reporting by the patient, Mr. Wilson Case recording The case was recording using totality symptom analysis Defining problem The major problem in the case of Mr. Wilson in severe cholera with severe dehydration and low-grade lifestyle. Classification and evaluation of symptoms Strange symptoms are the weakness, breathlessness and headache followed by the rare symptom of dropping blood pressure and cold body. Further, the peculiar symptom involves joint pain while drinking water. Repertory selection The major repertory is to control vomiting, dehydration, and weakness, dropping blood pressure and cold body. Conservation of symptoms These symptoms are conserved in form of rubrics where dehydration, weakness, dropping blood pressure and cold body is involved in rubric selection. Further, joint pain, skin turgor and wrinkling of hands and feet are kept in final rubric differentiation. Remedy selection Veratrum album or Arsenicum album Cuprum Secale cornutum Simillimum and remedy analysis Veratrum album or Arsenicum album This remedy works to cure diarrhoea by initiating urine retention controlling dehydration, weakness and vomiting (Alloway et al. 2013). Mr. Wilson is suffering from rice water stool that can also be maintained or eliminated by this homeopathic remedy. Cuprum This remedy basically works to cure skin issues like blueness, coldness and wrinkles occurring as symptoms of cholera. This remedy is functional in every stage of cholera helping to overcome visual symptoms (Chappell van der Zee, 2012). Therefore, this medication will work to minimise the skin issues occurring with Mr. Wilson. Secale cornutum This remedy works to cure offensive, forceful and watery diarrhoea helping to warm up the body and remove restlessness (Dole et al. 2012). Hence, this remedy will work effectively to cure diarrhoea in the case of Mr. Wilson. Susceptibility and sensitivity In the present case scenario, the symptoms and condition of Mr. Wilson clearly supports the occurrence of severe cholera condition indicating good susceptibility of the acute condition. However, as Mr. Wilson faced severe diarrhoea in the initial few hours of cholera burst indicates that case is very sensitive where patient requires proper care. Prescribing recommendations Remedy Potency Dosage Veratrum album or Arsenicum album Potency between 3X- 30C Daily dosage of 5-7 liquid drops per dose Cuprum Potency between 3X- 30C Daily dosage of 5-7 liquid drops per dose Secale cornutum Potency between 3X- 30C Daily dosage of 5-7 liquid drops per dose Diet and lifestyle recommendations Jacobs et al. (2010) indicated that very first diet modification for cholera is to provide clean food and drinking water to the patient. In the case of Mr. Wilson the expected cause of cholera is contaminated water or food. Therefore, it is highly recommended to provide hygienic food and water. Further, to cure the weakness, tiredness, joint pain and other unexpected symptoms it is essential for Mr. Wilson to take complete bed rest until body potential is attained back. Further, Novella et al. (2008) indicated that vulnerable of cholera living in the family needs to avoid contact with other family members. Hence, Mr. Wilson needs to avoid contact, especially with his children to control the spread of infection. Conclusion The above study case taking and prescribing principle indicates that homeopathic treatment is a deep procedure that basically depends on symptom detection and treating the symptoms to cure acute disease or illness. In the provided case study of Mr. Wilson, his symptom analysis clearly indicated the severe stage of cholera that are assured to be curable using the provided homeopathic remedies and recommendations. References Books Alloway, B., Centeno, J., Finkelman, R., Fuge, R., Lindh, U., Smedley, P. (2013).Essentials of medical geology: revised edition. O. Selinus (Ed.). Springer Science Business Media. Vithoulkas, G. (2012).The science of homeopathy. B. Jain Publishers. Journals Chappell, P., van der Zee, H. (2012). Homeopathy for Diseases.Vital Remedies for Epidemic, Trauma and chronic Diseases. Haren: Homeolinks,400. Dole, S., Kandhare, A. D., Ghosh, P., Gosavi, T. P., Bodhankar, S. L. (2012). Homeopathic analgesic formulations: A critical appraisal of evidence.Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences(JPBMS),22(22). Gurtner, F. (2012). The report Homeopathy in healthcare: effectiveness, appropriateness, safety, costs is not a Swiss report.Swiss Med Wkly,142, w13723. Jacobs, J., Jimnez, L. M., Malthouse, S., Chapman, E., Crothers, D., Masuk, M., Jonas, W. B. (2010). Homeopathic treatment of acute childhood diarrhea: results from a clinical trial in Nepal.The journal of alternative and complementary Medicine,6(2), 131-139. Novella, S., Roy, R., Marcus, D., Bell, I. R., Davidovitch, N., Saine, A. (2008). A debate: homeopathy-quackery or a key to the future of medicine?.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,14(1), 9-15. Stark, L. (2014). Knowledge in the Time of Cholera: The Struggle over American Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. By Owen Whooley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. Pp. xiv+ 307. $30.00 (paper). Willrich, M. (2014). Owen Whooley. Knowledge in the Time of Cholera: The Struggle over American Medicine in the Nineteenth Century.The American Historical Review,119(2), 521-522.

The Problem of Zoonotic Diseases

The world is currently facing the problem of zoonotic diseases. Animals have been discovered to transmit some infectious diseases to humansthat putting their lives at risk. This issue has raised concern inmany countries and among manyresearchers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Zoonotic Diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many organizations like the Health Map and the Global Viral Forecasting have shown massiveinterest on the issue. There is a need to address the issue of zoonotic diseases in order to avoid the emergence of deadly diseases that may put lives of people in the society at risk (Romich 36). The efforts made by these organizations have had positive impact, but this is not enough. There is a need to come up with effective strategies to address the problem. This research paper seeks to explore on what should be done in order to eliminate zoonotic diseases in the society. It is impor tant for governments to appreciate that zoonotic diseases are real. Some of the vectors interact with humans almost on a daily basis. These vectors may be dogs, cats, monkeys, cows and other animals. Thesociety should realize that a disease like HIV/AIDs was transmitted by just an Ape. For this reason, there is need to address the problem of zoonotic disease with seriousness. The government should identify the relevantbodies to conduct researchin the field of zoonotic diseases, and support them in coming up with valid data concerning the same. The organizations that deal with such related diseases should also be backed up by the relevant authorities. The finding of both the researchers and various organizations or authorities should be taken serious and the correct mitigation measures should be applied. There is a need to apply a collaborative approach in implementing the corrective measures.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get yo ur first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Armon and Savill(67), the best strategy to apply in preventing zoonotic diseases is by ensuring that animals and people are not infected by any of the diseases. This scholar claims that this is so because if an animal is not infected, then it will infect neither humans nor other animals and vice-versa. There is a need for veterinary departments in various countries to effectively play their role. There is need to ensure that all wild animals in the restricted areas or animal parks and the domestic are free from the diseases. This will effectively avoid the incidences of animal-human transmission. Romich(89) says that public awareness concerning zoonotic diseases is very important. The public should be made aware of the existence of such diseases and how they can identify them in the domestic animals so that they can report such cases as soon as possible to the relevant authorities. The public should also be immunized again st zoonotic diseases to prevent them from the infections. Preventing zoonotic diseases should be taken seriously by all the countries for success to be realized. The movement of infected people from one country to another should be restricted. Since the tourism industry is the backbone of many nations, countries should set some guidelines that should allow people to tour different countries based on their health conditions. The reasons for doing this should be made clear to avoidcases where human rights are abused. If necessary, such individuals should be immunized against the diseases before they are allowed to move from one country to another. This way, the efforts of preventing zoonotic diseases made by many researchers, organization, and governments will bear fruits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Zoonotic Diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Armon, Robert, and Marion Savill. Environmental Aspects of Zoonotic Diseases. London: IWA Pub, 2007. Print. Romich, Janet A. Understanding Zoonotic Diseases. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson / Delmar Learning, 2008. Print. This essay on The Problem of Zoonotic Diseases was written and submitted by user Brianna Snyder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Cain

Michael Corcoran September 20, 2004 Paper #2 English 236 Explain the real reason for God’s Preference for Abel’s sacrifice instead of Cain’s The story of Cain and Abel from the birth of Cain to the death of Abel is very brief, only lasting a few versus. It is because the passage is so short and vague that so many interpretations can be taken from it. The bible does not concentrate on why God chooses Cain’s sacrifice, of the fat of the firstlings of his flock, to be superior to Abel’s crops. When comparing the two sacrifices, it seems as though Abel’s sacrifice of his crops is much better then the fat of his lambs which is something that is typically scraps or leftovers. If this is true then presumably God is doing nothing more then playing favorites. He is doing just as some parents do in being strict and stern on the older child while babying and nurturing the younger child. However this is simply not true. God is not a God of favorites or injustice. God is an all knowing all loving God. He sees the heart and knows the true intentions of everyone including Cain. â€Å"But the Lord said to Samuel, ‘Do not look on his appearance, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for the Lord does not see as mortals see; they look on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the Heart.† God knew where Cain’s heart was when he chose and sacrificed the fruits of his land. Cain’s heart was not to the level of what god desired or at least not to the same level as Able. And once the sacrifices were made God did not strike down upon Cain with punishment. He simply felt â€Å"no regard† (Genesis 4:5) for a sacrifice that Cain put no effort into. It was Cain who was â€Å"very angry† (Genesis 4:5) with God. God seems to be surprised with and questions Cain’s anger and tells him that if he do es well and puts effort into his sacrifices, like he was told, then of course he will be accepted ... Free Essays on Cain Free Essays on Cain Michael Corcoran September 20, 2004 Paper #2 English 236 Explain the real reason for God’s Preference for Abel’s sacrifice instead of Cain’s The story of Cain and Abel from the birth of Cain to the death of Abel is very brief, only lasting a few versus. It is because the passage is so short and vague that so many interpretations can be taken from it. The bible does not concentrate on why God chooses Cain’s sacrifice, of the fat of the firstlings of his flock, to be superior to Abel’s crops. When comparing the two sacrifices, it seems as though Abel’s sacrifice of his crops is much better then the fat of his lambs which is something that is typically scraps or leftovers. If this is true then presumably God is doing nothing more then playing favorites. He is doing just as some parents do in being strict and stern on the older child while babying and nurturing the younger child. However this is simply not true. God is not a God of favorites or injustice. God is an all knowing all loving God. He sees the heart and knows the true intentions of everyone including Cain. â€Å"But the Lord said to Samuel, ‘Do not look on his appearance, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for the Lord does not see as mortals see; they look on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the Heart.† God knew where Cain’s heart was when he chose and sacrificed the fruits of his land. Cain’s heart was not to the level of what god desired or at least not to the same level as Able. And once the sacrifices were made God did not strike down upon Cain with punishment. He simply felt â€Å"no regard† (Genesis 4:5) for a sacrifice that Cain put no effort into. It was Cain who was â€Å"very angry† (Genesis 4:5) with God. God seems to be surprised with and questions Cain’s anger and tells him that if he do es well and puts effort into his sacrifices, like he was told, then of course he will be accepted ...

7 Key Grammar Differences Between Spanish and English

7 Key Grammar Differences Between Spanish and English Because Spanish and English are Indo-European languages- the two have a common origin from several thousand years ago from somewhere in Eurasia- they are alike in ways that go beyond their shared Latin-based vocabulary. The structure of Spanish isnt difficult for English speakers to understand when compared with, for example, Japanese or Swahili. Both languages, for example, use the parts of speech in basically the same way. Prepositions (preposiciones) are called that, for instance, because they are pre-positioned before an object. Some other languages have postpositions and circumpositions that are absent in Spanish and English. Even so, there are distinct differences in the grammars of the two languages. Learning them will help you avoid some of the common  learning mistakes. Here are seven major differences that beginning students would do well to learn; all but the last two should be addressed in the first year of Spanish instruction: Placement of Adjectives One of the first differences youre likely to notice is that Spanish descriptive adjectives (those that tell what a thing or being is like) typically come after the noun they modify, while English usually places them before. Thus we would say hotel confortable for comfortable hotel and actor ansioso for anxious actor. Descriptive adjectives in Spanish can come before the noun- but that changes the meaning of the adjective slightly, usually by adding some emotion or subjectivity. For example, while an hombre pobre would be a poor man in the sense of one not having money, a pobre hombre would be a man who is poor in the sense of being pitiful. The two examples above could be restated as confortable hotel and ansioso actor, respectively, but the meaning might be changed in a way that isnt readily translated. The first might emphasize the luxurious nature of the hotel, while the second might suggest a more clinical type of anxiety rather than a simple case of nervousness- the exact differences will vary with the context. The same rule applies in Spanish for adverbs; placing the adverb before the verb gives it a more emotional or subjective meaning. In English, adverbs can often go before or after the verb without affecting the meaning. Gender The differences here are stark: Gender is a key feature of Spanish grammar, but only a few vestiges of gender  remain in English. Basically, all Spanish nouns are masculine or feminine (there also is a less-used neuter gender used with a few pronouns), and adjectives or pronouns must match in gender the nouns they refer to. Even inanimate objects can be referred to as ella (she) or à ©l (he). In English, only people, animals, and a few nouns, such as a ship that can be referred to as she, have gender. Even in those cases, the gender matters only with pronoun use; we use the same adjectives to refer to men and women. (A possible exception is that some writers differentiate between blond and blonde based on gender.) An abundance of Spanish nouns, especially those referring to occupations, also have masculine and feminine forms; for example, a male president is a presidente, while a female president is traditionally called a presidenta. English gendered equivalents are limited to a few roles, such as actor and actress. (Be aware that in modern usage, such gender distinctions are  fading. Today, a female president might be called a presidente, just as actor is now often applied to women.) Conjugation English has a few changes in verb forms, adding -s or -es to indicate third-person singular forms in the present tense, adding -ed or sometimes just -d to indicate the simple past tense, and adding -ing to indicate continuous or progressive verb forms. To further indicate tense, English adds auxiliary verbs such as has, have, did, and will in front of the standard verb form. But Spanish takes a different approach to conjugation: Although it also uses auxiliaries, it extensively modifies verb endings to indicate person, mood, and tense. Even without resorting to auxiliaries, which also are used, most verbs have more than 30 forms in contrast with the three of English. For example, among the forms of hablar (to speak) are hablo (I speak), hablan (they speak), hablars (you will speak), hablarà ­an (they would speak), and hables (subjunctive form of you speak). Mastering these conjugated forms- including irregular forms for most of the common verbs- is a key part of learning Spanish. Need for Subjects In both languages, a complete sentence includes at least a subject and a verb. However, in Spanish it is frequently unnecessary to explicitly state the subject, letting the conjugated verb form indicate  who or what is performing the verbs action. In standard English, this is done only with commands (Sit! and You sit! mean the same thing), but Spanish has no such limitation. For example, in English a verb phrase such as will eat says nothing about who will be doing the eating. But in Spanish, it is possible to say comerà © for I will eat and comern for they will eat, to list just two of the six possibilities. As a result, subject pronouns are retained in Spanish primarily if needed for clarity or emphasis. Word Order Both English and Spanish are SVO languages, those in which the typical statement begins with a subject, followed by a verb and, where applicable, an object of that verb. For example, in the sentence The girl kicked the ball, (La nià ±a pateà ³ el balà ³n), the subject is the girl (la nià ±a), the verb is kicked (pateà ³), and the object is the ball (el balà ³n). Clauses within sentences also usually follow this pattern. In Spanish, it is normal for object pronouns (as opposed to nouns) to come before the verb. And sometimes Spanish speakers will even put the subject noun after the verb. Wed never say something like The book wrote it, even in poetic usage, to refer to Cervantes writing a book but the Spanish equivalent is perfectly acceptable, especially in poetic writing: Lo escribià ³ Cervantes. Such variations from the norm are quite common in longer sentences. For example, a construction such as No recuerdo el momento en que salià ³ Pablo (in order, I dont remember the moment in which left Pablo) is not unusual. Spanish also allows and sometimes requires the use of double negatives, in which a negation must occur both before and after a verb, unlike in English. Attributive Nouns It is extremely common in English for nouns to function as adjectives. Such attributive nouns come before the words they modify. Thus in these phrases, the first word is an attributive noun: clothes closet, coffee cup, business office, light fixture. But with rare exceptions, nouns cant be so flexibly used in Spanish. The equivalent of such phrases is usually formed by using a preposition such as de or para: armario de ropa, taza para cafà ©, oficina de negocios, dispositivo de iluminacià ³n. In some cases, this is accomplished by Spanish having adjectival forms that dont exist in English. For example, informtico can be the equivalent of computer as an adjective, so a computer table is a mesa informtica. Subjunctive Mood Both English and Spanish use the subjunctive mood, a type of verb used in certain situations where the verbs action isnt necessarily factual. However, English speakers seldom use the subjunctive, which is necessary for all but basic conversation in Spanish. An instance of the subjunctive can be found in a simple sentence such as Espero que duerma, I hope she is sleeping. The normal verb form for is sleeping would be duerme, as in the sentence Sà © que duerme, I know she is sleeping. Note how Spanish uses different forms in these sentences even though English does not. Almost always, if an English sentence uses the subjunctive, so will its Spanish equivalent. Study in I insist that she study is in the subjunctive mood (the regular or indicative form she studies isnt used here), as is estudie in Insisto que estudie. Key Takeaways Spanish and English are structurally similar because they have common origin in the long-gone Indo-European language.Word order is less fixed in Spanish than it is in English. Some adjectives can come before or after a noun, verbs more often can become the nouns they apply to, and many subjects can be omitted altogether.Spanish has a much more frequent use of the subjunctive mood than English does.

Article Review Cell Transfer During Pregnancy Essay

Article Review Cell Transfer During Pregnancy - Essay Example The main point in the article was that cells’ crossing the placenta is an established fact (microchimerism) but that new research is suggesting that these same cells can result in health or illnesses in both the mother and the child for a considerable time after the sharing occurred. Also that these cells can persist for an indefinite period of time and can become part of the body’s organs. There are instances when microchimerism can cause an immune attack in some individuals, but in some cases the body can actually be helped to heal through the same interplay of cells. Two examples in the paper showed an example of this. Firstly mothers who have rheumatoid arthritis can often have an improvement in their symptoms when they are pregnant, but that the condition returns after birth. This was initially considered to be because of higher levels of Cortisol in the blood of the mother, but because this phenomenon is not consistent in all cases (it doesn’t work for some women) this idea as discounted. Studies are now considering the disparity in Class II HLA’s as a possible reason for the decrease in symptoms during pregnancy. The second example was juvenile dermatomyositis. In this case transferred immune cells (mother to foetus) can result in an attack on the child’s body tissues. Another case in children is scleroderma and neonatal lupus. In both of these cases the adopted cells can cause the host body to attack the affected body tissues. The final point in the article was that this transfer could be harmful for some, and a helping aid in others. The reasons why this is the case seems to differ from case to case and more research is needed to determine how and why this happens. The transfer of cells between foetus and mother has been well documented especially in studies relating to negative impacts the mother can have the on the babies health through the ingestion of alcohol and other harmful substances. The foetus is basically plugged

Consumption expenditure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumption expenditure - Coursework Example Consumption expenditure Construction developed sturdily in the initial part of the decade and while there was a momentary deterioration in mid-2000s, in 2007, this reversed. Industries have exhibited various inclinations after the last economic downturn. The production, manufacturing and construction industries were heavily affected by the decline of economic conditions. In contrast, the output of the service industry declined by four percent from its peak to trough. Production began to develop in 2010, and the construction and manufacturing industries exhibited a similar strength, and none of the industries showed a sustained growth. The output of production dropped in 2011 and 2012. In 2012, the output of construction dropped sharply. In 2014, the output of construction improved. However, the output dropped in the recent quarter. While there has been a prevalent development across the sections of GDP since the beginning of 2013, the service industry still remains to be the steadiest and the largest contributor to the economic development, and is the only headline industry, where the output has passed the levels of pre-downturn. The United Kingdom experienced a marginally slower standard compound growth of GDP in five years after the economic downturn; this is also the same for the service industry. In quarter four of 2014, only the production and service industry outperformed the post-downturn growth rates of the headline industry. Within the insurance, financial and service industries have exhibited certain strengths when compared to the 5-year average.

Compare how the theme of loss Essay Example for Free

Compare how the theme of loss Essay As he was inexperienced and had childlike thoughts and imagination, he was unaware of what situation he put himself in, which once again outlines the innocence of his youth. However, it does mention several times that â€Å"He asked to join. He didn’t have to beg† which refers back to the idea that he is only to blame, as whatever position he is now standing in, was completely his decision. He had also been taken away by the persuasive black propaganda. This makes his loss feel more pointless and very regretful. So this defies his argument about blaming Meg. Whilst comparing these characters together they, as well, blame their faults onto somebody else. We, as a reader, understand this, because when he mentions the reasons why he joined up for war, he mentions how it was â€Å"to please his Meg†, and this sounds sarcastic to us that he threw his life away at such a young age for a girl who doesn’t even care enough to visit him anymore, instead leaving him lonely in a â€Å"wheeled chair, waiting for dark†. He is more or less blaming her for making his life futile. Also, again in proximity with the poem ‘Out, Out-’ where he blames it on the â€Å"snarling† saw that appeared to attack at him. Frost personifies the saw repeatedly throughout the poem, how the saw â€Å"leaped out at the boy’s hand† and how it had â€Å"snarled and rattled in the yard†. Giving the image of an animal, waiting to pounce. These two characters are forced to be independent about their lives because they are both rejected by others. In the poem ‘Out, Out-’ he complains about how once he died nobody had taken much interest when he died â€Å"since they were not the one dead†, they â€Å"turned to their affairs†, and this compares nicely within ‘Disabled’ where he talks about how â€Å"women’s eyes passed from him to the strong men that were whole†, as well as having rejection hit at him, it also makes him feel dehumanised, that he is now labelled â€Å"Disabled† and now he has stripped of his masculinity. This again alludes to the idea of loss as he is being abandoned by everyone. He had a massive crowd of people chanting him off to war, whereas â€Å"only some cheered him home†. This gives a lonely, isolated and unloved atmosphere. Furthermore, these two poets have created a contrast between idyllic working environments with the beautiful setting coming into contrast with horrific events. Robert Frost has created a perfect example of this in the poem â€Å"Out, Out-† when mentioning the â€Å"Five mountain ranges one behind the other Under the sunset far into Vermont† and also describes the â€Å"sweet, scented stuff†. The sibilance on the â€Å"sweet† and â€Å"scented† exaggerates the pleasant atmosphere. By mentioning these notes about how everything was delightful, and how all of his five senses are all sensational and pleasurable, it creates a sense of danger in a way that everything at the moment is perfect and it is making the reader predict that it is just leading up to something more hazardous and dangerous. Another example of the use of this effect would be in the poem ‘Disabled’ where Wilfred Owen describes how the disabled soldier listens outside from his hospital bed how the â€Å"Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn† and also their â€Å"Voices of play and pleasure†. The use of this anaphora gives the effect of an echo and how the children’s happiness haunts him. Also the plosive used on â€Å"play and pleasure† gives it a harsh tone to possibly show that he is jealous of the freedom of the children as he barely had any youth himself so he envies those who have. What sounds to the reader (which is mirrored earlier on) is a beautiful setting by which Owen has as well as Frost added a negative perspective to it. However, in this poem it is to show the emotions of the angry and bitter disabled soldier, unlike in ‘Out, Out-’ where it is to show the building tension of a beautiful setting coming into contrast with a scene of horrific events. These characters are very remorseful about why they had made their stupid mistakes in the first place. This once again makes the loss wasted and valueless.

The Gothic Tradition in Stokers Dracula and Wildes Picture of Dorian

The Gothic Tradition in Stoker's Dracula and Wilde's Picture of Dorian Gray Gothic Literature was a natural progression from romanticism, which had existed in the 18th Century. Initially, such a ‘unique’ style of literature was met with a somewhat mixed response; although it was greeted with enthusiasm from members of the public, literary critics were much more dubious and sceptical. Gothic writing is a style of literature that relies upon the evocation of moods, feelings and imagery for impact. This style of writing was developed during an age of great scientific discovery – such literature marked a reaction against the prevailing ‘Age of Enlightenment’. Many Gothic authors opposed the new-found faith and enthusiasm placed in these discoveries, believing that they restricted freedom of imagination. Consequently, Gothic writers inhabited areas where no answers are provided – exploiting people’s fears and offering answers that are in stark contrast to the otherwise scientific explanations. Gothic writing is a style that depends upon the evocation of moods, which is reflected mainly in the writing style of a novel. ‘Dracula’ is written in the first person – ‘I must have been asleep’ - with a constant change of narrator within chapters. Wilde, however, wrote in the third person, omniscient, giving us the observer’s point of view whilst still showing us the intelligence and class of his characters through the language that they use – ‘come, Mr Gray, my hansom is outside’. The diary entries or notes used in ‘Dracula’ are fragmented and have an epistolary structure ‘Jonathon Harker’s Journal’. This emphasises each of the character’s feelings of isolation and loneliness, adding to the appeal of the reader. During the entries, Stok... ... die, innocence and good is corrupted and there is a connection to sexuality. Both novels create an aspect of mystery for the reader of the 19th century. Stoker’s portrayal of a creature little known by the English public of the 1890’s would have been of fear inspiring fascination to read about. Though few would have read John Palidori’s vampire novel, more perhaps would have heard the tale of Vlad the Impaler. He was a man who supposedly drank human blood or the blood of his war victims, and was in fact a ‘Dracule’. This basis in reality would add a sadistic interest to the novel. Wilde’s novel, though equally inexplicable, doesn’t create the same feeling of terror, but does raise a number of reservations in its reader. Both novels are seemingly successful texts in upholding the interest of the reader through many of the typical conventions of the Gothic tradition.

The Two Best Job Searching Methods

There is no doubt that people who want to have a good life dream of a good job. Although it may seem us easy to find a job, people have to struggle so much for having a good job because of great competition about accept top position even average positions. There are various ways to find a job such as internet, direct application, newspapers, using connections or friends, networking. In my opinion internet and networking are the two most of effective ways a finding a job.Internet is a constitution that is infinitely useful and serviceable when it used effective and correctly. Internet is a wide network what spans the world. It contains a lot of recruitment agencies, cooperation websites, association sites, newsletters and freelance job options and in the present day access to internet very easily. This also provides an opportunity to become an impressive job searching. Based on The Conference Board report , newspapers and online ads are used by 70% of all job seekers for recruitment ( 2006)p1.It was established a lot of websites in order to bring together job searchers with employers such as secretcv. com, kariyer. net, yenibiris. com, monster. com. All over the world engagement agencies are accepted by companies and employers. Nowadays, most of company advertise only this websites, and choose their workers by means of who appealed this websites with their CV. Especially large companies are not permit direct application for many positions. Another effective job searching method is networking.Communication and relations compose the basis of the network because many jobs are never advertised. Networking also comprises not only business networking websites but also friendships, exhibitions, shows, seminars, training. Firstly, let’s consider business networking websites such as linekedin. com, bni. com. Their aim is create a platform where professionals from all kinds of different industries can meet up, find jobs, new assignments, cooperation partners, expert s and generate business ideas.With more people getting online now, business networking sites are attracting a great deal of attention for their role in bolstering professional relationships and facilitating new connections. Secondly, some companies organize seminars thus they explain about their business and accept graduated or students who suitable in order to their business. In this way more and more people are employed. According to Goodman, networking is the leader of job searching because it is on the success of 50% regarded in generally (2009)p2. I believe that networking is a giant world in its own right.

Impact of Project Investments on Firm Value Essay

Generally in all decisions concerning investments in capital projects, the management selects only those projects that are expected to contribute a positive net present value. Further the project should be capable of providing an internal rate of return which should be greater than the hurdle rate. (Ross et al 2005) These criteria for the selection of capital projects are considered valuable from the perspective of the evaluation of the capital projects. However the phenomenon of value maximization of the firm is not being focused by these evaluation methods. It may be noted that a project will be considered financially viable only when it satisfies the condition of meeting the evaluation criteria and should also be in a position to provide super-normal returns on the investments to add value to the business proposing the investment. Several avenues can be cited which could be used by the project to result in super normal profits to the firm which results in the enhancement in the value of the firm. To cite a few avenues; by ensuring better economies of scale, by providing other cost advantages, by enabling the firm to offer better quality products that are distinct in the market, by improving production efficiency, by providing better access to distribution channels and by ensuring increased brand recognition the new project investments would be able to add value to the firm. Project Investment and Stock Valuation  The potential for growth and improvement in sales of the company will significantly be impacted by the proposed expansion of the company into new markets and new product lines and this will improve the position of the company in terms of profitability and return on equity. As a natural consequence the expansion by achieving the projected financial expectations will impact the value of the company’s stock. The market value of the stock is likely to go up once the expansion pays off the results by way of increased profits. Further the internal valuation of the shares will also get increased or decreased depending on the financial decision for sourcing the additional funds required for investing in the capital projects. Based on the changes in the leverage the book value of the shares will be affected. When the company decides to finance the expansion through issue of new common stocks the equity will get diluted to the extent of the stocks issued for public subscription. This in turn will have its impact on the free cash flow to the equity, since there will be increase in the number of shares and therefore the valuation of shares will get impacted. (Discussion Issues and Derivations) Strategic Considerations Normally the execution of any project investment decisions can be influenced by the governmental regulations on which the management does not have any control. But there are certain other factors, the course of which can be altered by taking some strategic decisions by the management. By selecting those projects which offer the best return on investment through better economies of scale the management can strategically increase the returns and value of the firm. The other alternative is to look for avenues that will enable the company to enlarge the economies of scale on the existing operations of the firm Improving the quality of customer service and timely deliveries to the customers has been found to be proven strategies for improving the reputation of the firm and thereby improving the value of the firm. Establishment of unique and efficient distribution channels much above the ability of the competitors to achieve can be looked at as another strategic move. In making any project successful an important factor is the quality of the management and the ability to take strategic and tactful decisions. It is essential that the quality of management must be related to the quality of projects the firm is contemplating to invest in.

Halted by Hinduism essays

Halted by Hinduism essays Islam was a very strong force. Thus it met something even stronger known as Hinduism. Islam was spreading rapidly until it reached Hinduism in India. It was halted by Hinduisms strong basic beliefs. It strived even though the very violent ways of Islam. Countries surrounding India were converted leaving India as the only country in the region that was still Hindu. The spreading relegion of Islam was based on five key principles known as the five pillars. The first is You must state that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah. You must pray five times a day towards Mecca according to Islam. You are legaly required to give one-fortieth of your income to the poor. This must be done to achieve salvation. During the holy month of Ramadan you should fast. Doing this develops self control and devotion to God. The last pillar is a pilgrimage to Mecca. This must be done at least once by every Muslim. If they are to old or not physically able to go they may send some one for them. There is a sixth religious duty associated with the five pillars. Men are required to go to war to defend or spread Islam. If they are killed they are guaranteed eternal life in Paradise. Hinduism had a very different opinion on religon. The Hindus belief that there are many different Gods and Godesess. Thus there are three main Gods. The first is Shiva the creator and destroyer. He destroyed the old while creating the new. Vishnu is the preserver that represents stability and order. The third is Devi the protecting mother which is sometimes known as simply the Goddess. She is often identified as the creative energy of the universe, and is considered the equal of Devi and Shiva. Unlike Muslims Hindus usualy worship at home and are not required to do so daily. The Hindus also believe that the temple should stay very clean. If the temple was not clean the God would leave it. ...

2018-19 Common Application Essay Sample for Option #3

2018-19 Common Application Essay Sample for Option #3 Jennifer wrote the essay below in response to the 2018-19  Common Application essay option #3. The prompt reads,  Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome? Gym Class Hero I’m not really an athlete. I’m all for a rousing game of badminton or tennis, and I enjoy cross-country skiing and hiking, but I enjoy these activities as recreation. I don’t find enjoyment in testing my physical limits to the point of pain. I’m not competitive by nature; I rarely challenge others, or find myself face-to-face with an opponent. Except, to my surprise, if that competitor, that challenger, is simply myself. â€Å"Ok, I need some folks to run a mile,† Mr. Fox, the PE Teacher, bellowed over the 40-odd preteens loitering around the playing fields behind Lafayette Middle School. We were working through a unit on track and field events. Up to this point, I had managed to avoid participation. â€Å"It’s four times around the track. Any takers?† A couple people raised their hands and began assembling at the make-shift starting line. â€Å"Well, let’s get a few more out there,† he continued. Looking over the rest of us, he made a quick assessment and called out, â€Å"Johnson. Patterson. VanHouten. And, uh, Baxter.† I froze. Were there any other Baxters in my class? No. Only me. And, to my dismay, I heard myself saying â€Å"Ok!† as I made my way to the track, my heart already pounding, my stomach in knots, with zero confidence in myself. I couldn’t do this. Where did my doubt come from? No one ever said to me, â€Å"Oh, you can’t run a mile.† I don’t even remember any askance looks, any raised eyebrows implying I was out of my depth. Middle-schoolers can be a cruel bunch, but not that day. There was just that voice in my head, as clear as a bell: â€Å"You’ll never be able to run a mile. You can’t even climb stairs without getting winded. It’s going to hurt. You’ll probably pass out. You could never run a mile.† A whole mile? That voice was right. It was, in my mind, impossibly long. What was I going to do? I ran a mile. There was nothing else to do; I didn’t have time to question it, or come up with an excuse. Sometimes challenging a belief is as easy as just doing something. It wasn’t a conscious â€Å"I’m going to challenge this doubt and insecurity I have.† I just started running. Four laps around the track- it took me thirteen minutes. Which, as I research it now, is not particularly impressive. But at the time, I was pretty proud. For someone who never ran, I was just happy I finished. I didn’t feel great; my legs were shaky and there was something rattling around in my chest, but I had proven myself wrong. I could run a mile. Of course, I ended up throwing up about five minutes later. Even if I had new-found confidence and a sense of accomplishment, my body wasn’t quite ready for it yet. I’m sure there’s some lesson to be learned there- something about not pushing ourselves too far, too fast. About knowing and assessing our limitations. But that’s not the important moral of the story. I discovered I wasn’t always right. I learned that I was too critical of myself, too cruel, too unforgiving. Yes, I’m not going to the Olympics anytime soon. Yes, I’m not going to set any records for track. But- once I stopped telling myself no, and just got on with the task at hand, I surprised myself. And that’s something I’m carrying with me into my future: the ability to shut off those doubting voices, and sometimes just going for it. I may surprise myself by discovering I can do much more than I thought possible. Critique of "Gym Class Hero" In general, Jennifer has written a strong Common Application essay. Is there room for improvement? Of course- even the best essays can be made stronger with effort. Below youll find a discussion of some of elements of Jennifers essay that make it strong as well as some comments on areas that could use some revision.   Jennifer's Topic As the tips and strategies for option #3  state, the vagueness of the terms belief or idea allow an applicant to steer his or her essay in a wide range of directions. When asked about beliefs or ideas, most of us will immediately think in terms of politics, religion, philosophy, and ethics. Jennifers essay is refreshing in that she explores none of those things. Instead, she zeros in on something both commonplace yet remarkably important- that nagging internal voice of self-doubt that nearly everyone has experienced at one time or another.   Far too many college applicants feel that they must write about something profound, some amazing accomplishment, or some experience that is truly unique. In fact, many applicants get overly stressed because they feel they have had unremarkable lives and have nothing worth narrating in their essays. Jennifers essay is a beautiful example of the fallacy of these concerns. She writes about something millions of teens have experienced- that awkward feeling of inadequacy in gym class. But she succeeds in taking that common experience and turning it into an essay that lets us see her as a unique person.   In the end, her essay really isnt about running a 13-minute mile. Her essay is about looking inward, recognizing her sometimes paralyzing self-doubt, examining what it is that often holds her back, and ultimately growing in confidence and maturity. Those four laps around the track arent the point. What stands out is that Jennifer has learned an important lesson: to succeed, one needs to first step up and try. The lesson she learned- to stop telling herself no and just get on with the task at hand- is one that the admissions committee will admire, for it is a key to college success. Jennifer's Title, "Gym Class Hero" When the admissions staff first read Jennifers title, they are likely to have concerns. If you read the list of 10 bad essay topics, the hero essay is one of the topics applicants would be wise to avoid. As meaningful as that amazing touchdown or game-winning home run may have been to the applicant, the admissions folks are tired of reading essays about these moments of athletic heroism. The essays tend to all sound the same, too many applicants write that essay, and the essays are all too often more about gloating than self-analysis and introspection. Thus, the title Gym Class Hero could immediately have the reader in the admissions office thinking,  This tired essay. Here we go again.  But the reality of the essay turned out to be something quite different. We quickly learn that Jennifer is no athlete, and her essay is not about heroism in any typical sense of the word. On one level, the title is ironic. A 13-minute mile is certainly not athletic heroism. Or is it? The beauty of Jennifers title is that she takes the overused word hero and recasts it so that it is something internal, a sense of personal accomplishment that few people outside of herself would see as heroic. In short, there is a slight danger in Jennifers title. Its quite possible shell evoke an initial reaction from the admissions officers, and it may not be a wise strategy to have a title that is going to shut down her readers before they even begin the essay. On the flip side, the beauty of Jennifers essay is the way that it redefines the concept of the hero. There are plenty of strategies for writing a good title, and Jennifer could certainly take a safer approach. At the same time, the play on that word hero is so central to the essay something important would be lost with a different title. The Length Common Application essays need to be between 250 and 650 words. Youll hear different opinions on length from different counselors, but theres no denying that much more can be accomplished in an engaging 600-word essay than a well written 300-word essay. The ideal college application length depends on the writer and the topic, but going too short is often a lost opportunity to highlight who you are beyond your grades and test scores. Always keep in mind why the college wants an essay in the first place: the school has holistic admissions and wants to get to know you as an individual. The school will know you better if you say more. Jennifers essay comes in at 606 words, and they are 606 good words. Theres little deadwood, repetition, or other problems of style. She tells an engaging story without digression or unnecessary detail. A Final Word Jennifer is not going to win an athletic scholarship, and no college is going to recruit her for her 13-minute mile. Her essay is not without minor flaws (for example, she uses the word enjoy three times in the first three sentences). But anyone who reads her essay will admire both her writing ability and her ability to look inward, analyze, and grow from an awkward moment in gym class. The big test of an admissions essay is whether or not it answers a couple key questions for the admissions folks: Does the essay help us know the applicant better? Does the applicant seem like someone who we want to invite to share our academic community, and is she likely to contribute to our community in meaningful ways? In Jennifers case, the answer to these questions is yes. Jennifers essay isnt typical of responses to option #3, and the reality is that she could have submitted this same essay under some of the other options. Gym Class Hero would work for option #2 on facing a challenge. It could also work for option #5 on an accomplishment that sparked personal growth. Be sure to look carefully at the tips and strategies for all seven of the Common Application essay options to figure out which would be the best match for your own essay. In the end, however, it wouldnt really matter if Jennifer submitted her essay under #2, #3, or #5. Each is appropriate, and the quality of the essay is what most matters.

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Management - Essay Example Accumulating precious metals like gold and silver were considered to be one of the most important indicators of wealth. As a result of this, heavy duty was imposed on exports of gold. Thus the aim of nations is to accumulate more and more precious metals. Trade in the modern world is entirely different from those centuries. Economists had understood that precious metals cannot be set as a benchmark as their reserves are limited. Moreover, colonialism which was one of the major strategies of wealth creation cannot be practiced in the present world. Imports cannot be controlled in the present economy. Nor can the exports be penalized with heavy duties. For an effective balance of trade, a proper import and export level is required. The assumptions of mercantilism are totally against globalization without which economic development cannot happen in the modern world. Mercantilism also involves forceful sales of goods to consumers leaving them no better option. Such practice cannot be ado pted in the modern world. Therefore, it can very clearly be concluded that mercantilism is a bankrupt theory. Falling dollar and rising exports A falling dollar means that dollar is being undervalued against other major currencies. Such a phenomenon will have a huge impact on the export figures. In the case of exporting, dollars are received for the goods that are exported. â€Å"A lower dollar increases the price competitiveness of US exports.† (Economics Help, 2011) When dollar is devalued, more dollars will have to be paid for transactions. Therefore, from the US perspective more dollars will be received in terms of the payments made by importing countries. As a result of this, there will be a temporary increase of revenue for the exports sector. This scenario is highly beneficial for the manufacturing and exporting companies and a little unfavorable for the importing companies. â€Å"A weaker dollar makes it easier for foreign investors to acquire key U.S. assets, such a s manufacturers.† (Duesterberg, 2008) The weak dollar makes American goods cheaper in the global markets. As a result, American exporting companies will reap huge benefits. Companies can generate more profits in this scenario and thereby accumulate more greenbacks in their reserves. This will help the US manufacturing companies to be highly competitive against their Peers. For example, Proctor & Gamble, which produces majority of its products in US, will see an increase in profits when the dollar falls. At the same time, its archrival Unilever, which belongs to Europe, will see its profit diminishing. Therefore, a series of decline in dollar value will benefit the US companies while at the same time hitting the importing companies. Importing companies will have to pay more greenbacks for the goods that are imported into US. This will lead to low profitability for them. Organizational issues of transnational of transnational strategies A transnational strategy is defined as a c ommon strategy that is suitable or acceptable for various markets. â€Å"When employing a transnational strategy, the goal is to combine elements of global and multidomestic strategies.† (Enotes.com, 2011) Transnational strategy was being introduced in order to eliminate the limitations of global strategy. A global strategy may not be suitable for

Maritime law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maritime law - Essay Example The law of maritime claims has been promoted along different routes in civil law administration. Vessels are recognised as objects of security rights in all nations. Despite this and the fact that maritime claims are of profound commercial significance, there is a high degree of international uncertainty in the subject of maritime claims and mortgages. There is a great difference among nations in the way they create and enforce maritime claims. It is for this reason that a standard list of maritime claims and an agreeable way of enforcing them was drafted by Comire Maritime International and adopted by the Brussels Diplomatic Conference. In 1926 in Brussels, the initial efforts were made to unify particular rules regarding maritime claims and mortgages. However, there were problems in the enforcement of the rules and this led to a review in 1952 in Brussels, undertaken by IMO and UNCTAD. The international convention on the arrest of ships was the combined efforts of the numerous conventions held earlier, especially the 1952 international convention, which aimed at unifying certain rules adopted by various countries in relation to arrest of sea going ships. At Geneva in March 1999, the new international convention on the arrest of ships as expressed in A/CONF.188/6 was adopted by the conference, after reviewing the 1952 arrest convention to address the identified deficiencies. As a result, the categories of maritime claim that could lead to arrest were altered, changing from 17 in 1952 convention to 22 in the 1999 convention. Not many countries have been able to approve the new convection, so it may apply in their countries., because some nations still feel dissatisfied by the new rule and its consequences it could cause in the nations. After Albania, which was the 10th country to ratify the new convention in March 2011, the new international convention came into forc e on 14th September 2011, and was to apply to any ship within the signatory state’s jurisdiction.3 The number of ratifying countries is still low and one would question the reason for the reluctance; it is worth noting that most of the powerful nations, such as the US, UK, and Japan have not attempted to approve it. However, by properly analyzing the 1999 arrest convention and its implications, there are both benefits and negative effects in the society. Effects of the New Convention 1. Liability for unjustified arrests or excessive security Following the inclusion of damages costs in the 1999 convention, which was not part of 1952 convention, the owners of the arrested ships are further protected by the legal terms in case of incurred loss, found to have been attributed to the claimant arrest directive. According to Article 6 of A/CONF.188/6, the court could impose upon the claimant the obligation to provide certain security, upon such terms as could be determined in court f or any loss the defendant acquires from the unjustified/wrongful arrest, or demanded excessive security in which the claimant may be found liable.4 With this part of the law, there are chances that the shipping industry may view the article differently. ‘The states with flags of convenience and states with large fleets could try to limit the cases where arrest may be made and thus ratify the 1999 convention, whereas states having a dominant trading economy might request security for what could happen to their cargo and their contracts of carriage vital for import and export.’5 While some countries could limit the cases of arrest within their jurisdiction for fear of defendants claim for damage, others could increase chances of security claim for their benefit. This move extends to cause more costs in solving for the cases that will occur in future, due to broadened scope of arrests considering that no party so desires to spend their

Marketing Research Gilligans Backpacker Hotel Paper

Marketing Gilligans Backpacker Hotel - Research Paper Example Marketing refers to any process aimed at developing and implementing plans to anticipate, identify and satisfy the customer demands with the chief aim maximizing profit margins of an organization or business. Marketing research forms the arsenal of market analysis. This entails identifying the customer’s requirements, planning an appropriate marketing mix culminating into a good entry into the market. Gilligan’s Backpacker Hotel is located in Australia. The hotel that operates the entertainment industry provides attraction to visitors from all over the world (global and local). Its strategic location makes it accessible by the visitors. This hotel is the leading youth hotel resort in Australia. There are not many aged individuals above the age of 55 years that frequent the place as there are the youths. The services are amazing including accommodation, fully conditioned hotel rooms with ensuite, and the traditional backpacker, from where it draws its name. Additional se rvices include free Wi-Fi, stunning Lagoon swimming pools, free transport from the airport, and free line provision among others (Ooi & Laing 2010). Entertainment facilities in the place include open deck bars, supporting events, plasma television, and outdoor pub screens (Crea, 2013). With all this in place the hotel is frequented by youths and adults aged below 55 years.As previously stated in the introduction, the gap that exists in Gilligan’s Backpacker Hotel is that of the customers or rather visitors who visit the premises

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay With the advent of growing emphasis on people as the prime source of competitive advantage, the foremost important decision for an organization has been to ensure the selection of the right people to join the workforce (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). In the early 1990s, Beaumont (1993, p.56 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225) identified three focus areas having significant relevance in the current industry scenario that has enhanced the potential importance of the selection decision in individual organizations. The areas include demographic trends and changes in the labour market, which have led to a less homogeneous workforce that emphasizes on fairness in selection process. Secondly, the desire for a multi-skilled, flexible workforce and an increased emphasis on team working has led to conclude that selection decision are concerned with behaviour and attitudes than with matching individuals on basis of the current job requirements. Lastly, the link between corporate strategy and Human Resource Management has led to the evolution of the concept of strategic selection that refers to the development of a system that links selection to the overall organizational strategy while aligning personnel to emerging business strategies. Thus to have a positive impact on companys productivity and profitability, the practice of recruitment and selection in Human Resource Management has become increasingly important (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). The increased global competition and the increasing customer expectations mean that the growth and sustenance of an organization is proving to be challenging. Organisations need to be more proactive in their approach to sustain profitability and meet the ever changing global business dynamics by attracting and retaining high-quality individuals who can respond effectively to this changing environment (Bach, 2008, p. 115). Hiring competent people is of prime importance to an organization, which is greatly dependent on effective recruitment and selection procedures. As cited in Bach (2008), a poor recruitment decision can cost an employer an amount equal to 30 per cent of the employees first year earnings (Hacker 1997). These costs can include lower productivity, potential loss of customers; cost incurred in training, advertising, recruitment fees and redundancy packages (Smith and Graves 2002 cited in Bach, 2008, p. 115). Thus, in order to have a competitive edge, it is increasingly e ssential that in tight labour market scenario, firms must evolve and practice better recruitment, selection and retention strategies (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 15). As mentioned in a case study on Betterbuy (Greenwood, 2007), as part of their good personnel practice they offer a market-leading package of pay and benefits such as childcare vouchers and two share schemes namely Save as you earn and Buy as you earn. It also regards eligible staff for their hard work and commitment with free shares and a pension scheme that allows member to build up a pension based in their earnings and service. The term recruitment and selection are commonly referred together; however they have distinct human resource management activities and functions. Recruitment comprises of short-listing candidate applications from potential employees, while selection techniques are used to decide which of the short-listed applicant is best suited for the job (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Further reiterating the above point, Boxall and Purcell (2003, p. 143) has also stated that recruitment and selection are nearly always joint management processes of some kind where both line and specialist managers are involved. Bratton and Gold (2003, p. 221) defines recruitment as the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply for employment to an organization. Selection is the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons most likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirement (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 221). Newell and Shackleton (2000, p.113 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 226) refer to recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make a contribution to the particular organisation. Bach (2008) defines Recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make an organizational contribution to fill a particular role or job. While, Selection is predicting which candidates will make the most appropriate contribution to the organization now and in the future (Hackett, 1991 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 226) In the 1980s, some major changes were witnessed within organizations in regards to their HR practices; for instance it became more assertive as to its role played in organization (Legge, 1995 cited in Searle, 2003, p. 7). This was due to an increasing awareness and evidence of the impact of HR had on the viability of the organisations success. During this period, HR policies emerged as significant levers for assisting firms in repositioning themselves. It resulted in recruitment and selection processes being considered as the key factors for successful change management (Searle, 2003, p. 7). It can thus be asserted that selection is about how to make fair, un-biased and relevant assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of short-listed potential employees by using various selection techniques. While recruitment is the way in which a firm tries to source or attract candidates among whom it will short-list. Thus, in other words, recruitment strategy involves the organisations attempt to portray the firm as an attractive place to work thereby attracting good talent (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 141). There are two methods of recruitment: Internal and External. INTERNAL RECRUITMENT One of the crucial points to reflect upon during the recruitment procedure is whether or not there is a need to recruit outside the organization. Implementing alternative approaches to recruitment might lead to the development of effective solutions at considerably lower cost (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Research shows that most private sector companies attempt to fill vacancies internally before looking for people outside the organization (Newell and Shackleton, 2000, p. 116, CIPD 2003b, p. 11 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 167). Fuller and Huber (1998, p. 621 cited in Taylor, 2005, p.167) identifies four distinct internal recruitment activities like internal promotions, lateral transfers, job rotation schemes and re-hiring former employees. Some of the key advantages of internal recruitment of an organization are its cost effectiveness and quick as vacancies can be advertised internally on staff notice boards, in-house publications or intranet systems at no additional cost. Thus, it promotes and helps in developing a strong establishment of motivated and committed employees among existing employees and also that the management is already familiar with the strengths and limitations of the employee. It also helps a company to maximize its return on investment invested in staff recruitment, selection and training processes. The employee in his new position is already familiar with the business objectives and has a better knowledge and understanding about the companys operations. The time taken to fill a vacancy is lesser leading to improving greater organizational effectiveness and reduction in cost and time. However, some of the disadvantages of internal recruitment are that new employees would bring in fresher ideas whic h are often required to challenge the status quo especially at senior levels. It can also lead to bringing about sterility by limiting the number of potential candidates for the job profile, lack of originality and a decline in the breadth of an organisations collective knowledge base. It may also be possible that the best suited person may not be available within the firm. Also an inclination towards this tends to perpetuate existing imbalances in the make-up of the workforce resulting in the feeling of inequality and resentment among the workforce who have not been selected. (Taylor, 2005, p. 168) EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT Even as there are numerous different approaches used to attract applications for prospective candidates, some of the formal methods used are printed media (national and local newspapers, trade and professional journals and magazines), external agencies (job centres, outplacement consultants, headhunters, employment agencies, forces resettlement agency, recruitment consultants), education liaison (careers service, careers fairs, college tutors, careers advisors, student societies), other media (direct mail, local radio teletext, billboards, internet, television and cinema), and professional contacts (conferences, trade union referrals, suppliers, industry contacts), other methods (factory gate posters, past applicant records, open days, personal recommendation or word of mouth, poaching). Few other informal methods include whereby employees families, suppliers or personal acquaintances get to hear about a vacancy via word of mouth or the grapevine. Several approaches like job centres or word of mouth is relatively less expensive in comparison to publishing advertisement in national newspaper or in delegating the task to headhunters. A few methods, such as the use of television and cinema, are used as a mode of recruiting by the largest employing organisations seeking to recruit substantial numbers like the Army and Navy recruiters (Taylor, 2005, p. 169-70). Some of the few advantages of external recruitment include that a new recruit will bring in fresh perspective and ideas, the best suited candidate can be chosen from the large pool of candidates, recruits having wider knowledge and experience on the subject can be chosen. The disadvantages to external recruitment would include that the process is long and hence more time consuming, selection process alone may not be able to identify and reveal the best candidate and also that the cost incurred is enormous for placing advertisements to attract potential talent. According to a study conducted by IRS (2001b, pp34; 2003c cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 171), approximately  £1 billion is spent each year on recruitment advertising in the United Kingdom. An HR Manager would require choosing a publication depending on the target audience. An opinion poll research carried out and published by Recruitment Today (June 1995) has indicated that around 70 per cent of people purchase different newspaper when they are looking for a new job. Thus information about readership levels and profiles is only of limited use in deciding the placement of job advertisement. It is essential for the HR manager to reflect upon whether or not there is a need to advertise nationally. For most jobs, local newspapers are preferable, because they reach potential applicants only within the relevant travel-to-work and are thus more cost effective. The need to organize at a national level arises when the target audience is at a national level. Some of the other additional alternat ive methods of recruitment include: Internet Recruitment: The scope and usage of internet as a medium of recruitment has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years. In the late 1990s, the jobs advertised on the web were mainly in IT or academia, or were specifically targeting graduate recruitments. In 2003, nearly 70 per cent of employers had been advertising vacancies on the internet (CIPD 2003b, p. 15 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176), while on the other hand the providers of job search website were spending vast amounts of money on TV, cinema, radio advertising, sports sponsorship and public relations activities as a means of building their public profile and brand image (Taylor, 2005). The key advantages of Internet recruitment are that large companies have a greater potential to attract passing traffic to their company corporate website By cutting down on the need to use written correspondence or field phone calls will prove to be a cost saving for the company. This form of recruitment is attractive to an emp loyer as it gives him the access to a potential audience of millions. Some of the disadvantages of internet recruitment include technology system getting hampered by bugs, computer crashes and threat of losing applications caused by recruiters with poor IT enabled skills which will result in further delay rather than accelerating the recruitment process. Poorly designed or over-engineered websites represent a further pitfall by means of slow loading speeds are all guaranteed to create fatigue in the potential candidate users whose expectations of fast, reliable access are very high thus causing damage to the brand image of the company (Taylor, 2005, p. 179). In the past few years, there has been a significant rapid development in online recruitment or commonly termed as e-recruitment which has accelerated the growth of e-Human Resource Management (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 230). In the year 2003, the Singapore Ministry of Manpower (Storey, 2007, p. 238) highlighted some of the key potential benefits of e-HR. The hard benefits included reduced service delivery costs due to automation of key HR business processes, by improving the accuracy of these HR processes the out put would lead to reduction in correction costs, by using intranet as a means of internal communication channel would eliminate costs of printing and distributing information to employees, improving staff productivity and efficacy by providing universal access 24/7 on various information thereby reducing the data entry and search costs through employee and manager self-service. While some of the soft benefits included allowing instant processing of data collected leading to reduction in cycle times, increasing employee satisfaction and engaging in better employee relations by improvising on the quality of HR service, making HR function to align with strategic partner in business, an indicator of change towards an organisational culture that promotes initiative, self-reliance and improved internal service standards by using technology. Employer websites: One of the most convenient methods includes highlighting existing vacancies available in an organization in respective organization website. However, links to these vacancies can be uploaded on various other search engines and recruitment agency website. These sites are easy to maintain and is cost effective as it provides an organization the opportunity to provide relevant adequate information about the profile for it to attract more responses. As quoted by Frankland (2000, cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176); the total cost incurred to set up a fully operational website is equivalent to the total amount spent by a firm on advertisement in national newspapers. The organisations have immensely benefited by using websites as a medium of advertising the existing vacancies, but it is essential to evaluate the degree and the extent to which it has impacted in the recruitment procedure. As the success of this method solely depends upon the extent to which potential employees visit the websites. Cyber agencies: This method involves the use of specialist employment agencies that specializes in recruitment and selection of potential recruits for example, monster.com. These agencies carry out the functions and role carried out by employment agencies traditionally. These agencies extend their services to not only publish advertisements of vacancies but also short-list the candidates on behalf of the employers. (Taylor, 2005) Job linked to newspapers and journals: Many companies advertise in local and national national newspapers, notice boards, recruitment fairs and substantiate the advertisement with relevant important information relating to the job like the job title, pay package, location, job description, how to apply-either by CV or application form. The success of the recruitment process depends upon whether it is able to attract substantial number of candidates of the desired quality within the allocated budget. Too many applicants may reduce the cost per applicant but add further costs in terms of the time taken to screen the applications. While few applications received may be an indication of a tight labour market and also that the companys values, ethos and brand image in the market are poor attractors. It is thus essential that HR managers monitor the effect of such factors on the overall recruitment process (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p 234). SELECTION After the identification of a pool of potential candidates, the HR Manager needs choose and select the short-listed candidates who would best suit the job profile (Bach, 2008, p. 129). Some of the selection methods include interviews, psychometric testing (cognitive and personality test), assessment centres, references, biodata, job simulation or work sampling. Various selection techniques are used to measure differences between applicants and provide a prediction of future performance at work while measuring the effectiveness of these selection methods. Two statistical concepts reliability and validity are of relevant importance in the selection process. Techniques that are chosen on the basis of their consistency in measurement over a period of time is termed as reliability and the degree to which they measure what they are supposed to measure is referred as validity (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). The three important forms of reliability include the testee or the test-retest, the tester and the test reliability. Among the different forms of validity, the most important is the predictive or criterion-related validity. It refers to establishing an association between the predictors that comprises of the results obtained from various selection methods and the criterion that measures the performance on the job (Bach, 2008, p. 130). An HR Manager in an organization is using more sophisticated selection techniques and is ensuring to make good selection decisions. A good selection decision would reduce a number of costs incurred like the overall cost of the selection process that includes the use of various selection instruments, the future cost of inducting and training new staff and staff turnover. The process and method of selection to be used are based on two key fundamentals. Firstly, individual differences would measure the extent to which two individuals would differ on the parameters of intelligence, attitude, social skills, psychological and physical characteristics, experience, etc. Secondly, recognizing the way in which people differ would be reflected upon the prediction of performance by the individual at the workplace Many leading companies may use a variety of these techniques and statistical theory for giving credibility to techniques that attempt to measure peoples attitude, attributes, abilities and overall personality (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). Methods of Selection: Selection interviewing Interview is one of the oldest and commonly used selection methods. Cook (1994, p.15 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 236) referred the usage of interviews along with application forms and referral / recommendation letters as the classic trio. The interview pattern can be broadly classified on the basis of the Information Elicited which would dwell on the focus on facts and the information that is required. It would follow a direct approach and give emphasis on seeking subjective information from the interviewee as the factual information must have been already collated prior to the interview. This pattern may require to qualified psychologist as it may require usage of intensive probing. It can secondly be classified on the basis of structure like structured or unstructured. Thirdly, on basis of the order and involvement pattern adopted while conducting the interview. Also by using questions related to ones past behaviour coupled with competencies in inter views has further enhanced the effectiveness of this method (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 238). Psychometric testing: It has formed an integral part of the selection process of most organization because of its ability to provide an objective measurement of individual competencies and personality (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 243). This type of selection is also considered to have a good record of reliability and validity. Further evidence of its usage since 1990s has been witnessed due to the rapid growth in the number of organizations using this test leading to more HR professionals being trained to administer the functioning of the test (McHenry 1997a cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p.239). The two types of test include cognitive or ability test and personality test. Cognitive tests provide a detailed assessment of an individuals intellectual abilities like specific abilities or general intelligence. Personality test provides a detailed assessment of an individuals behaviour when confronted with a specific situation (Bach, 2008, p. 133). Assessment Centre It incorporates a variety of selection methods like interviews, psychometric test, simulations, in-tray exercises and group decision-making exercises, role-plays and presentations to test the mental ability, reasoning and personality of an individual employee (Taylor, 2005, p.242-3). Assessment centres are designed to provide information like the strengths and weaknesses of an individual employee to management for making decisions in relation to suitability for a position. (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Various on-going validity studies have found the assessment centres to have good predictive ability. One of the major drawbacks of the centre is the cost associated with setting up and functioning of the assessment centre (Taylor, 2005, p. 242). CONCLUSION While critically analyzing on which recruitment and selection approach and methodology an HR Manager must adopt for their organization, it is crucial to consider the impact and accuracy of its approach adopted on the target audience. Further, recruiters need to be aware of the image of their organization they are portraying to the external world. A local newspaper advertisement might attract large number of applicants; but there is a strong business case for spending rather more on a substantial advertisement set by professionals conveying to job seekers that the organization compares favourably with others as a place to work. Few methods are ruled out because of time constraints as most personnel specialists may quite often have pressure from line managers to fill vacancies within days instead of weeks. Thus the range of possible recruitment methods gets severely restricted. Under such circumstances, the best option that a firm can adopt is to outsource the task of recruitment and s election to employment agencies, job centres or use personal contacts (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). It may also prove to be beneficial to consider the volume of applications as outcomes that each method is likely to yield and the ability of the personnel department to administer and act upon effectively. An HR Manager should avoid selecting a recruitment methodology which resulted in receiving hundreds of applications for a single unskilled job vacancy and vice versa. For instance, an advertisement seeking application for very senior cadre roles where the widest pool of appropriately qualified individuals is needed to enable the organization to screen out all but the very best candidates. Another example would be the opening of a new plant store leading to the creating a demand for several hundreds of new jobs (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). Proposed References: Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor S. (2002) Human Resource Management. 5th edition. FT Prentice Hall, England Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2003) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Searle, R. (2003) Selection and Recruitment a critical text Palgrave Macmillan, UK in association with The Open University 1st edition Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management a critical text. 3rd edition. Thomson Learning, London Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2008) Strategy and Human Resource Management. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Taylor, S. (2005) People Resourcing. 3rd edition CIPD, London Beardwell, I. and Holden, L. (2001) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. FT Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Limited, England Bach, S. (2008) Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing, UK Callaghan, G. and Thompson, P. (2002) We recruit attitude: The selection and shaping of routine call centre labour, Journal of Management Studies: 39(2): 233-254 Greeenwood, I. (2007) Recruitment in the retail sector: a large supermarket, Work and Employment Relations Division Teaching Case, University of Leeds **********************